Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is a condition that affects the group of muscles in the pelvic area responsible for supporting the bladder, uterus, and rectum, which play a critical role in controlling bowel and bladder function, supporting sexual health, and stabilizing the core. When these muscles become too tight, too weak, or fail to coordinate correctly, it can lead to uncomfortable and sometimes debilitating symptoms. Pelvic floor dysfunction can affect anyone, no matter their gender or age, but it is more common in women, especially after childbirth or during menopause.
In this article, discover what pelvic floor dysfunction is, the common symptoms, and practical ways to cope with the condition.
What Is Pelvic Floor Dysfunction?
This is a condition that occurs when the muscles in the pelvic floor are unable to function properly. These muscles work like a hammock to support the bladder, uterus (in women), prostate (in men), and rectum, and they help control the release of urine, bowel movements, and sexual function.
When the pelvic floor muscles don’t coordinate properly, it can lead to two types of dysfunction:
- Hypertonic pelvic floor dysfunction (tight pelvic floor muscles): The muscles are too tight and cannot relax properly. This can cause pelvic pain, difficulty with bowel movements, and pain during intercourse.
- Hypotonic pelvic floor dysfunction (weak pelvic floor muscles): The muscles are too weak to provide adequate support for the pelvic organs. This can lead to urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, or difficulty controlling bowel movements.
Causes of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
Several factors can contribute to the development of pelvic floor dysfunction, including physical, hormonal, and lifestyle-related issues:
- Pregnancy and childbirth
- Aging and menopause
- Chronic straining
- Pelvic surgery or trauma
- Inactivity or overactivity
Common Symptoms of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
Depending on whether the pelvic floor muscles are too tight or too weak, some people may experience a combination of symptoms, which can range from mild discomfort to significant pain or functional issues.
Common symptoms include:
- Pelvic pain
- Urinary issues
- Bowel problems
- Pain during intercourse
- Pelvic organ prolapse
- Lower back pain
How to Cope with Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
Coping with pelvic floor dysfunction can be challenging, but there are some very effective strategies to improve quality of life. You might find that a set of dilators can help with your pain as it relaxes your pelvic muscles. You can use this several times a week for about 15 minutes at a time.
Pelvic floor physical therapy is another effective treatment for pelvic floor dysfunction. A trained physical therapist can help you with this. They will assess your specific condition and develop a tailored treatment plan if this is what you need.
Lifestyle Modifications
Making adjustments to your daily habits can significantly impact your pelvic floor dysfunction. Try to avoid straining as you take bowel movements, and take your time to fully empty your bladder and bowels. Consider using a stool under your feet to adopt a squatting position, which helps relax the pelvic muscles for easier bowel movements.
Constipation can worsen pelvic floor dysfunction, so eating a fiber-rich diet (fruits, vegetables, and whole grains) can promote regular bowel movements and ensure you don’t give yourself more pain. Drinking enough water can also help.
Maintaining a healthy weight can also reduce excess pressure on the pelvic floor muscles, especially in cases of weakness or prolapse. To do this, you can partake in activities like swimming, walking, and yoga to maintain your weight but also strengthen your core and pelvic muscles without putting excessive strain on them. Be mindful of high-impact exercises or heavy lifting, as these can exacerbate symptoms.
Medications
Depending on your specific underlying cause of pelvic floor dysfunction, medications may be recommended to manage symptoms. For individuals with tight pelvic floor muscles, muscle relaxants may be prescribed to help ease tension and reduce pain. Over-the-counter pain relievers can also help manage pelvic pain or discomfort associated with PFD.
Surgical Interventions (For Severe Cases)
In some severe cases of pelvic organ prolapse or incontinence, surgery may be necessary. If it reaches this point and conservative treatments do not provide relief, you will need to discuss the risks and benefits of surgical options with professionals.
